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Thursday, 3 November 2016

We need to come out against a third world war

https://youtu.be/EpF0U7lUVdk

IS A WAR in the making – a third world war? If there is much talk about such a possibility, it is mainly because of the tensions between the United States and Russia.

Tensions between the two most powerful nuclear states in the world have never been this high since the end of the Cold War in 1989 and the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991.

There are at least two flash points, one more dangerous than the other. In Eastern Ukraine, Russian backed rebels will not surrender to the US supported regime in Kiev because they see US control over Ukraine as part of a much larger agenda to expand Nato power to the very borders of Russia. This has been happening for some years now.

But it is the Washington-Moscow confrontation in Allepo, Syria which portends to a huge conflagration. The US is protective of major militant groups such as Al-Nusra which has besieged Eastern Allepo and is seeking to overthrow the Bashar al-Assad government.

Washington has also set its sight on "regime change" in Damascus ever since the latter's determined resistance to Israeli occupation of the strategic Golan Heights in Syria from 1967.

The drive for regime change intensified with the US-Israeli quest for a "new Middle East" following the Anglo-American invasion and occupation of Iraq in 2003. It became more pronounced in 2009 when Bashar al-Assad rejected a proposal to allow a gas pipe-line from Qatar to Europe to pass through his country, a pipe-line which would have reduced Europe's dependence upon Russia for gas.

Russia of course has been a long-standing ally of Syria. Together with Iran and the Lebanese Hezbollah, it is helping the Syrian government to break the siege of Eastern Allepo and to defeat militants in other parts of Syria.

It is obvious that in both instances, in Ukraine and Syria, the US has not been able to achieve what it wants. The US has also been stymied in Southeast Asia where its attempt to re-assert its power through its 2010 Pivot to Asia policy has suffered a serious setback as a result of the decision of the new president of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, to pursue an independent foreign policy that no longer adheres blindly to US interests.

At the same time, China continues to expand and enhance its economic strength in Asia and the world through its One Belt One Road projects and the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank and via its leadership of BRICS.

China's regional and global economic role is leading to its pronounced presence in security and military matters. As a result of all this, the US's imperial power has clearly diminished. It is a hegemon in decline.

It is because it is not prepared to accept its decline that some US generals are threatening to demonstrate US's military might. If a hegemon is a danger to humankind when it is at its pinnacle, it becomes an even greater threat to peace when its power is diminishing.

Like a wounded tiger, it becomes even more furious and ferocious. A new US president may be inclined to give vent to this frustration through an arrogant display of military power.

How can we check such wanton arrogance? There will be elements in the elite stratum of US society itself who would be opposed to the US going to war.

We saw a bit of this in 2013 when those who were itching to launch military strikes against Syria based upon dubious "evidence" of the government's use of chemical weapons were thwarted by others with a saner view of the consequences of war. It is also important to observe that none of the US's major allies in Europe wants a war.

Burdened by severe challenges related to the economy and migration, the governments know that their citizens will reject any move towards war either on the borders of Russia or in Syria and West Asia.

This also suggests that a self-absorbed European citizenry may not have the enthusiasm to mobilise against an imminent war. Let us not forget that it was in European cities from London to Berlin that the biggest demonstrations against the war in Iraq took place in 2003.

Anti-war protests will have to be initiated elsewhere this time.

Governments in Moscow and Beijing, in Teheran and Jakarta, in Pretoria and La Paz, should come out openly against war. They should encourage other governments in the Global South and the Global North to denounce any move towards a war that will engulf the whole of humanity.

Citizens all over the world should condemn war through a variety of strategies ranging from signature campaigns and letters to the media to public rallies and street demonstrations.

In this campaign against an imminent war, the media, both conventional and alternative, will have a huge role to play.

It is unfortunate that well-known media outlets in the West have supported war in the past. It is time that they atone for their sins!

By Chandra Muzaffar

Dr Chandra Muzaffar is the president of the International Movement for a Just World (JUST). Comments: letters@thesundaily.com

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Wednesday, 2 November 2016

J-20 stealth fighter, Y-20 transport plane show China's advances in technology

https://youtu.be/5iWUSTPeKQA

J-20 stealth fighter makes public debut

The 11th China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition -- or Airshow China – got underway on Tuesday in the southern city of Zhuhai in Guangdong Province. The event runs until November 6th. One of the highlights this year is the public debut of J-20 stealth fighter.
The latest J-20 stealth fighter jet during a demonstration flight at Air Show China in Zhuhai city, South China's Guangdong province, on Nov 1, 2016. The J-20 stealth fighter jet is said to be the third stealth fighter jet in the world to be used after the United States' F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II. [Photo by Feng Yongbin/China Daily]


China's new-generation military transport aircraft, the Y-20, sits on the tarmac in preparation for the China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition 2016, which opens Tuesday in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province. Photo: Cui Meng/GT
China's new-generation military transport aircraft, the Y-20, sits on the tarmac in preparation for the China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition 2016, which opens Tuesday in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province. Photo: Cui Meng/GT


Industry professionals and the public get a chance to see China's latest development in military and civil aircraft technology at a much-anticipated air show on Tuesday in South China.

A number of civilian aircraft and military jets, including the J-20 stealth fighter plane, will be showcased for the first time during the six-day China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition 2016, or Airshow China, in Zhuhai, South China's Guangdong Province.

The exhibit's organizer, Zhuhai Airshow Co. Ltd, said this year's air show features over 700 domestic and foreign exhibitors from 42 countries and regions. Foreign exhibitors include those from Russia, Ukraine, France, Czech Republic and the US, and it's the first time an Austrian delegation will attend the show.

The air show has attracted eight out of 12 major Chinese national military companies (except those in the shipbuilding and nuclear industry), including the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) and China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC).

AVIC president Tan Ruisong told a press conference Monday that this year's exhibit marks Airshow China's 20th anniversary, so AVIC will unveil a series of "20s," including the heavy-load transport aircraft Y-20 and the J-20 stealth fighter. Probably the biggest draw at this year's air show, the J-20 will put on a flight exhibition.

Song Zongping, a Beijing-based military expert who served in the Second Artillery Corps of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) (now called the Rocket Force), told the Global Times on Monday, "Normally, a product series contains at least three to four products. We have seen the Y-20 and J-20, and in the future, we will also have the Z-20 utility helicopter and perhaps the H-20 strategic stealth bomber, although they are very unlikely to appear in this year's air show."

Previous reports said the J-20 is China's domestically built fifth-generation fighter jet, which represents the most advanced technology and combat capability of Chinese fighter jets. Currently, only the US (F-22 and F-35), China (J-20 and J-31) and Russia (T-50) have fifth generation stealth fighter jets.

The J-20's debut in Zhuhai will showcase Chinese Air Force technological strength, which has quickly been advancing, Song said.

"The J-20 will be handed to Chinese Air Force very soon," Zhang Xinguo, AVIC vice president, said at Monday's press conference..

Zhang stressed that "our research and development on the fifth generation fighter jet is based on China's strategic and defense needs," so the J-20 is very different from the US' F-22 and F-35. "Our country's strategic purpose is to defend our territory and maintain peace rather than a global strategy, and we don't require global deployment."

Zhang said "if other countries have similar strategic needs as we have, then I believe they will come to us [to purchase the J-20]."

Chinese drones

The CH-5, a China-made unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) or drone, which is a new CASC product, will also make its first public appearance. The past few years have seen the quick development of China's UAVs, Song said, "not only from State-run military companies but civilian ones as well, who also joined in the research and development."

In the past, only the US had the capability to use UAVs for targeted strikes on its enemies, but because Chinese UAVs have been exported, many countries also have this capability.

Shi Wen, the CH-5's chief engineer, told the Global Times that "the CH series UAVs are very popular in countries involved in the "One Belt and One Road" initiative. "Countries facing conflicts such as Syria and Iraq have already been using Chinese UAVs to strike terrorist strongholds," Song said.

Dozens of military and civilian UAVs will also be displayed at the air show.

Zhuhai Airshow Co. Ltd stressed that the fast developing UAV market is a result of "civilian-military integration and the peaceful use of military-industrial technology."

As the highlight of Airshow China, military aircraft from China and abroad will perform.

This year, five exhibition flight teams from China, Russia, Pakistan and the UK will perform. Russia sent two teams, and this will be the first time that the British Royal Air Force Aerobatics Team, dubbed the Red Arrows, will perform in Zhuhai.

Newspaper headline: Latest aircraft debut at air show


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Penang Star Property Fair at Queensbay Mall 2016

Developers all smiles with results


Great response: Visitors looking at the scale model displayed at the Ideal Property Group exhibition booth at the StarProperty.my Fair at Queensbay Mall in Bayan Lepas, Penang.

GEORGE TOWN: Ten developers generated RM144mil in sales during the four-day StarProperty.my Fair 2016 held at Queensbay Mall.

About RM60mil came from the properties marketed by Zeon Properties Sdn Bhd, which are Ewein Zenith’s City of Dreams, Aroma Development’s Starhill, Devoteshens Sdn Bhd’s My Sakura 28, Tawakar Group’s 98 Residence, Stallion Group’s Vos, and Bionic Land’s Prominence.

The sale of projects from Ideal Property, Asia Green, CI Medini and Aspen Group generated the remaining RM84mil.

Ideal Property general manager (sales & marketing) Nancy Teo said the turnout was not disappointing.

“Given the current economic challenges, we are satisfied with our sales, which was about RM15mil for the past four days.

“There are several hundred potential buyers with whom we need to follow up after the fair.

“They have indicated their interests to view our show units,” she said.

Asia Green creative director Mei Tan said the buyers for QuayWest and The Clovers were those who wanted to upgrade their lifestyle with a new house.

“We sold RM6mil worth of properties during the four-day fair.

“The QuayWest and The Clovers are respectively 50% and 80% sold,” she said.

CI Medini’s marketing director Datuk Seri Jacky Ker said the company generated about RM50mil in sales at the fair with the sale of 70 units of multi-storey shop units in the Ion Axxes project.

Developers such as IJM Land Bhd, Mah Sing Group Bhd, Sunway Bhd and Eco World Development Group Bhd also received overwhelming responses for their projects.

Mah Sing senior chief operation officer Seth Lim said a big pool of visitors were young families.

“Some of the buyers looked into getting a second property or explored investment opportunities.

“We are happy with the response as we were able to secure a few hundred registrations,” Lim added.

EcoWorld general manager Khoo Teck Chong said the group received hundreds of enquiries for the Eco Bloom project in Simpang Ampat.

“Taking advantage of the low interest rates in the market, we also plan to launch the RM8bil Eco Horizon and Eco Sun mixed-development projects in Batu Kawan next year,” Khoo added.

IJM Land senior general manager Datuk Toh Chin Leong said the group planned to launch the Waterside Residence project for the second phase of The Light Waterfront scheme next month.

“The sales of our current projects like the Trehaus in Bukit Jambul and Permatang Sanctuary in Bukit Mertajam should help us achieve the targeted RM240mil revenue for Penang.

“Last year, the revenue contribution from Penang was RM168mil.

“Next year we will launch the Senjayu in Jawi, 3 Residence at Karpal Singh Drive and The Terraces Condominium in Bukit Jambul,” Toh added.

Experts share nuggets of wisdom with house-hunting visitors at the fair




PENANG, acknowledged by CNN as one of the best places to retire in the world, continues to attract numerous interest in its property sector, said Zeon Properties group chief executive officer Leon Lee.

He said Penang partnering Temasek Holdings in developing the Penang Technology Park would create 30,000 job opportunities in the near future, and this would in turn boost the property demand.

“The state recorded 10% growth in arrivals via the Penang International Airport in 2014 from six million to 6.6 million in 2015. And it is expected to increase to eight million this year.

“A growing economy, international recognition from our various accolades, improved state policy and welfare as well as the moderate cost of living will continue to attract people.

“On the island, 67% of the land is occupied by hills and forest reserves which cannot be used for development. This is why property prices will continue to soar,” he said in his talk on ‘Penang Property Outlook: Why Invest in Penang?’ at the StarProperty.my Fair 2016 in Queensbay Mall.


 Meanwhile, Prof Joe Choo said first-time home buyers should weigh their decision carefully in picking the property.
 
In her talk on ‘Feng Shui Tip to Enrich Your Life’, she advised those buying their second property for business or to upgrade to ensure that it faced the same direction as the first one because that was the direction where they made their money.

Property investors were also urged to bear in mind the ‘stay, work and play’ motto before buying properties.

Freemind Works founder and property investment coach Kaygarn Tan said an ideal investment should come from city living that integrates the way in which people live, work, shop and play.

He cited Bayan Lepas as a good example in his talk ‘How to Get Better than Average Rental Yield’.

“We have Queensbay Mall and the Bayan Lepas Free Trade Zone in the area.

“So getting a property here is a good option as the elements of work, play and shop will surely complement the living aspect.

“Remember, all the components must co-exist within a 5km-radius,” he said.

Meanwhile, Diligent Planners Sdn Bhd founder Vince Chia said young people should get their first home even if it had to come from the secondary market.

He said houses priced between RM200,000 and RM250,000 in the secondary market were considered good options.

“Servicing a bank loan of less than RM250,000 should be considered comfortable for a fresh graduate with a RM3,000 monthly income.

“After all, you will probably be staying alone at first. You can upgrade in a few years’ time.

“If you are getting a ‘start-up’ home, forget about getting a house worth more than RM700,000.

“It’s a burden,” he said in his talk titled ‘Easy loan approval like 1-2-3’.

Full-time property investor and trainer Rachel Lim encouraged the visitors to look at the rental and capital appreciation of properties before investing.

“Do not simply jump into an investment but instead look for fundamentally good properties.

“It is a ‘bargain sale market’ during an economic slowdown. We should be excited, grab the opportunity and buy good properties,” she said in her talk on ‘Boom or Burst 2017 Malaysia Property Market.

REI Group of Companies CEO and co-founder Dr Daniele Gambero spoke on ‘Penang Transportation Master Plan: The Secret Unveiled: 10 Years Gold Mine for Smart Propenomy Investors’.

LRT project boost for property near FIZ - Properties around industrial zone soaring in value due to upcoming LRT project





“One of them is the Trehaus project which comprises condominium villas and semi-detached villas,” she said.

PROPERTIES located within the proximity of the Free Industrial Zone (FIZ) which has been earmarked for the LRT line were the most sought-after at the StarProperty.my Fair 2016 in Penang.

C.M. Ong, 32, who works in Bayan Lepas, said he was looking for a high-rise unit near the FIZ as an investment which could generate better yield in rental.

“It is good to consider a location where there will be major infrastructure developments.

“The area is also close to the Queensbay Mall.

“I understand that the property value in FIZ has shown a steady increase for the past five years due to the number of fresh amenities in the area,” he said yesterday.

He was checking out the condominiums in Tropicana Bay Residences in Bayan Mutiara by Tropicana Ivory Sdn Bhd.

Air freight clerk Naseem Ali Shaik Othman, 38, said the Triuni Residences within The Sanctuary masterplan by the Runnymede Group of Companies offered the best of both worlds as an urban resort condominium.

“The appeal is the location in Batu Uban, where it is easily connected to the Bayan Lepas area and George Town. We like the urban setting, the sea view and resortstyle amenities,” he said.

The father of four said the gated and guarded safety feature would also provide a safer environment and community to raise a family.

Administrator Nor Syahira Roslan, 23, said her preferred location was Bukit Jambul as it was close to her parent’s house.

“I would prefer a landed property as it offers better privacy.

“The value of a landed property, as I understand, also appreciates faster and is more stable.

“The Bukit Jambul area has a wide range of landed properties up for sale.

“One of them is the Trehaus project which comprises condominium villas and semi-detached villas,” she said.  - The Star

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Thursday, 27 October 2016

China needs strong core leadership: media survey


‘Transitional period demands strong administration’

Chinese people believe that a strong central leadership is indispensable for the rise of the country, and highly anticipate further confirmation of the role of the core leadership by President Xi Jinping during this period of historic significance, according to a poll recently released by a magazine affiliated with the People's Daily.

The survey, conducted by the People's Tribune, a magazine affiliated with the newspaper, through questionnaires, face-to-face and telephone interviews, as well as online polls between April 15 and September 8, interviewed 15,596 people living in cities and rural areas. The survey results were released earlier this month.

The main findings were that a strong central leadership as well as a pioneering figure is especially critical for a rising world power, and that as president and general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, Xi, with full leadership qualities, is supported whole-heartedly by a wide range of officials and people.

To the question of why a country in a transitional period needs a strong central leadership, most respondents strongly agreed that it is vital to safeguard a country's sovereignty and national security, putting the approval rate at 4.50, on a 5-point scale from disagree to complete approval, the survey found. This is followed by the number of respondents who think that core leadership is as important to "guide the nation toward a lofty goal" or that it was "particularly important for a populous and multi-ethnic country."

This year, the necessity for strong leadership has been a theme expounded by many media organizations.

The Guangming Daily on October 9 published a commentary by Fan Dezhi, a senior official at the Party History Research Center of the CPC Central Committee, which asserted that "A strong core leadership is needed more than ever before to achieve the great dream of the renewal of the Chinese nation."

To promote the core leadership of the Party, the priority is to "conform with the CPC Central Committee, with General Secretary Xi Jinping as well as with the Party's theories, guidelines, principles and policies," read a commentary in the Qiushi Journal in March, the flagship magazine of the CPC Central Committee.

Social and political stability, which can be realized by a potent government backed by public support, is the prerequisite for a smooth transition and reform of any country, said Zhi Zhenfeng, a legal expert at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

"Both the rise of great Western powers and the rapid development of developing countries needed a strong core leadership and powerful government," Zhuang Deshui, deputy director of the Research Center for Government Integrity-Building at Peking University, told the Global Times.

Zhuang cited the examples of Otto von Bismarck who unified Germany in the 19th century and the strong Japanese government that carried out Meiji Restoration to bring about its modernization and Westernization.

China should unwaveringly uphold the CPC's leadership if it hopes to realize a stable and sustainable development, Zhang Dejiang, chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee, said in March, adding that everyone should conform to the ideology and actions of the CPC Central Committee with Xi as general secretary.

"Since China faces complicated situations in different areas, coupled with a huge population, only a strong core leadership is able to coordinate the interests of different groups while taking full account of the majority of its nationals," Zhuang noted.

Zhi said a lack of consciousness of "the core" has made a few local officials and Party members fail to follow or strictly implement the policies issued by the CPC Central Committee.

Charismatic leadership

The People's Tribune poll found that the Chinese people are drawn to the charisma of Xi. The survey found that most respondents believe that Xi has leadership qualities, namely "strategic willpower with full confidence," "bravery to tackle problems head-on" and "intelligence to cure both the symptoms and root causes of problems." The list is rounded out by "top-level design with wisdom and philosophy" and "personal charisma to set an example for others."

When asked which trait is essential for a core leadership to give full play in reality, 79.13 percent of those surveyed said a "leader of integrity and ability."

In addition, the poll results showed that people from all walks of life highly anticipate the further confirmation of Xi's role as the core of the leadership.

Without releasing the specific data, the survey found that most respondents believe that officials that lacked "the consciousness of the core" would go astray and lose their sense of responsibility or discipline.

"Only by establishing authority in the CPC Central Committee can the Party and the nation be forceful. In this sense, firmly espousing Xi as the core is a matter of direction, principle and realistic needs," the magazine quoted anonymous officials who participated in the poll.

Therefore, we should further strengthen the consciousness of the core in the Party and across the country, improve intra-Party political life and the leadership system of the Party and the State, and further confirm Xi's core role in the critical rise of China, said the survey report. - Global Times.

 Xi as core long affirmed by public opinion

All Chinese know clearly that the Xi’s leadership has played a critical role in the changes in China in the past four years and the significance of the word “core” being written into the Party document. The sixth plenum is themed on strict Party governance
The Express Tribune 
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Tuesday, 25 October 2016

Bloated civil sevice in Malaysia must cut down the size and salaries

The Malaysian government can make further spending cuts if it reduces the size of its “bloated” civil service, an economist said. File picture shows Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Dr Ahmad Zahid Hamidi meeting civil servants during a Workers’ Day gathering in Penang. May 5, 2015. — Picture by KE Ooi: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/economist-putrajaya-can-tighten-spending-further-by-trimming-bloated-civil

Economist says there is need to cut down further on emoluments



<< Rosario: ‘The size of the Malaysian civil service is that there are five civil servants for every 100 people.’

KUALA LUMPUR: The government has to eventually deal with the issue of the bloated civil service to avoid repercussions later on, said Deutsche Bank’s economist Diana Rose del Rosario.

“Operating expenditure accounts for at least 80% of total expenditure (in the budget) and a big part of it comes from emoluments which account for 26% of total operating expenditure,” Rosario said at the Budgetary Priorities in a Challenging Economic Environment forum hereyesterday.

“The government has actually already tightened spending in this area: it used to grow around 10% year on year between 2010 and 2014. Growth here has since fallen to 5% year on year in 2016 to 2017.

“Success has been there in terms of tightening this area but there remains a great need to (further) cut down on emoluments,” she added.

Rosario said that the bloated size of the civil service in the country is much higher than the average in the Asean region.

“The size of the Malaysian civil service is that there are five civil servants for every 100 people. This is a lot higher than the average in the civil service of the rest of the region with an (average) of around two for every 100 people,” she said.

“There is an urgent need for this government if it continues in the path of fiscal consolidation to strive for a lean and efficient public service,” she added.

Rosario also said that there may be some “upward pressure” from debt service payments under the emoluments section of the expenditure as interest rates are poised to rise due to the stance taken by the US Federal Reserve.

Meanwhile, she also said that the retirement pension charges that are poised to rise by 15% next year should be looked at from a wider perspective.

“Although we are not worried that it is driven by a surge in retirees, but if you look at the pace of growth in the younger population the labour force as projected by the United Nations – the younger ones are expected to decelerate at a sustained deceleration in the next five years,” she said.

“This does not bode well for tax collection or domestic demand. There is a need then to boost wages through a boost in productivity to facilitate domestic demand and tax collections,” Rosario said.

At the same event, secretary-general of the Treasury Tan Sri Mohd Irwan Serigar said contingent liabilities by the government are backed by sound assets and companies.

“There may be some pressure by contingent liabilities by the government but those entities that the government provides guarantees for are all strong and credible ones which can pay off their dues.

For example, Khazanah Nasional Bhd, Prasarana and MRTcorp (have borrowed) for their big capital items,” he said.

“Although there is pressure but there is no worry in terms of default,” Irwan said.

Commenting also on the issue on jobless graduates and productivity, Irwan said that universities in Malaysia should supply manpower for what is needed for the industries in Malaysia.

“Some of the industries are too reliant on foreign workers.

“We can’t change this overnight and we need more technology here. We should not have universities which do not provide for certain industries that are in demand,” he said.

Source: The Star/Asia News Network

Bloated Malaysia Civil Service Presents Headache for Najib

Malaysia's Prime Minister Najib Razak. Photographer: Mohd Rasfan/AFP via Getty Images 

Public workforce large relative to other Asian peers

Civil servants indispensable support base for Najib’s party

Malaysian Nor Mohamad loved her job with a major Western tech company. But she gave it up after two years, tired of bickering with her parents who felt she’d be better off in the public service.

“It’s boring but stable,” said the master’s degree holder, who is in her thirties and asked not to be fully identified, citing government policy. “Even though I’m not so in love with the job, I’m thankful that in this economic situation there’s no bad impact to my career.”

Malaysia’s civil service employs 1.6 million people, or about 11 percent of the labor force. The jobs provide stability and security, including for ethnic Malays who are the majority of the population. Now the bloated bureaucracy presents a challenge to Prime Minister Najib Razak.

Najib, whose ruling coalition Barisan Nasional has been in power for nearly 60 years with the help of the Malay vote, has pledged to gradually narrow a budget deficit the country has been running since the Asian financial crisis. The commodity-driven $296-billion economy is expected to grow at the slowest pace in seven years in 2016, with lower oil prices eating into revenue.

But trimming the public workforce to improve the government’s coffers is difficult. While Najib has survived a year of political turmoil over funding scandals, he needs the support of Malays to win the next election due by 2018. His party, the United Malays National Organisation, has for decades propagated policies that provide favorable access to education, jobs and housing for Malays and indigenous people, known collectively as Bumiputeras.


“The civil service in Malaysia is intricately jived in with the ethnic policies” of the government, said Jayant Menon, an economist at the Asian Development Bank. “This is a form of ensuring not just employment, but relatively attractive employment.”

About 79 percent of the civil service was made up of Malays as of the end of 2014, with over 11 percent from indigenous Bumiputera groups, the official Bernama news agency reported in March 2015, citing a government minister. About 5.2 percent of public servants were Chinese and 4.1 percent were Indian.

Malaysia’s civil service relative to population is large, at more than double the average in the Asia-Pacific region by some measures, according to Menon. The cost of maintaining it is draining resources at a time government revenues are falling.

Salaries, pensions and gratuities account for about a third of the budget every year, the biggest expenditure item. The government doesn’t regularly publish data on the size of the public service.


Najib has weathered a year of graft allegations over hundreds of millions of dollars that appeared in his personal bank accounts before the last election in 2013, with the claims putting some pressure on his leadership. He denies wrongdoing and was cleared by the country’s attorney-general earlier this year.

Najib’s office didn’t respond to an e-mail seeking comment on the civil service. The office of the chief secretary to the government also did not reply to an e-mailed request for comment.

Malaysian officials have previously defended the size of the civil service, which includes teachers, doctors, soldiers and police. Idris Jala, then-minister in the Prime Minister’s office, said in 2014 that it wasn’t bloated even though it could be made more efficient to save the government money.

Najib’s government spent 1.1 billion ringgit ($275 million) to raise salaries for civil servants last month -- the biggest rise since 2013 -- and increased their minimum starting pay to 1,200 ringgit a month. Like in previous years, public employees received a 500 ringgit special allowance just before the Eid al-Fitr holidays in July, a celebration marking the end of the Muslim fasting month.

‘Support Base’

“The civil service forms an important support base for the government and can usually be counted upon to show up and vote for the ruling party during elections,” said Chia Shuhui, an Asia analyst at BMI Research in Singapore. “The government is not going to cut benefits to their support base, and therefore it is unlikely to make significant changes in terms of its expenditure on the civil service.”

The government has been taking steps to streamline the civil service and improve the efficiency of the public sector as part of its long-term efforts, Chia said.

Given that nothing much could be done to the civil service because of political and ethnic sensitivities, the government should focus on cutting its business exposure through the government-linked corporation divestment program to increase revenue, the ADB’s Menon said.

While UMNO has worked to retain Malay voters, the opposition has also sought to support the bureaucracy. The opposition-controlled Selangor state government pledged a 1.5 month bonus to its civil servants to mark Eid.

In neighboring Thailand, the ruling junta gave the nation’s two million civil servants and soldiers a four percent salary increase in December 2014 at an expected cost of 22.9 billion baht ($659 million). Many civil servants took part in anti-government protests that led to the May 2014 military coup and the junta has since emphasized the need to give bureaucrats greater power over elected officials.

“Civil servants are indeed an indispensable support base for Barisan Nasional in general and UMNO specifically,” said Oh Ei Sun, a senior fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore. “Hence the need to constantly improve their welfare.”

By Pooi Koon Chong Bloomberg  

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